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2026 Vol.4, Issue 1

Research Article

Optimal Electrode Application Method for Crack State Estimation Using Electrical Resistance

전기저항을 활용한 균열 상태 평가를 위한 최적 전극 적용 방안 도출

Tae Uk Kim1
,
Dong Joo Kim2*
김 태욱1
,
김 동주2*
1Post-Doctoral Researcher, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
2Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
1한양대학교 건설환경공학과 박사후연구원
2한양대학교 건설환경공학과 교수
*Corresponding Author
30 June 2026. pp. 1-12
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Abstract

In this study, electric field analysis was conducted to establish an optimal electrode application method for evaluating the depth of concrete surface cracks and the crack repair level (CRL) based on electrical resistance measurements. The analysis was performed using the Electric Currents interface in COMSOL Multiphysics, and the electrical resistance response of the crack region was investigated under attached and embedded electrode conditions. The analysis variables included the distance between the outer and inner electrodes, the distance between the inner electrodes, the length of the attached electrodes, the embedded depth of the embedded electrodes, crack depth, and CRL. The results showed that the electrical resistance of the crack region increased with crack formation and decreased as the CRL increased. Attached electrodes were advantageous for crack depth evaluation because the electrical current was concentrated near the concrete surface, producing a large resistance change due to crack formation. In contrast, embedded electrodes were suitable for CRL evaluation because they allowed the current to penetrate into the concrete and sensitively detected resistance changes even in high-CRL ranges. The optimal attached electrode condition was determined as a 10 mm distance between the outer and inner electrodes, a 10 mm distance between the inner electrodes, and an electrode size of 5 × 10 mm2. The optimal embedded electrode condition was determined as a 10 mm distance between the outer and inner electrodes, a 10 mm distance between the inner electrodes, and an embedded depth equal to the crack depth.

Keywords
electrical resistance
crack depth
crack repair level
electric field analysis
electrode condition

본 연구에서는 전기저항 측정을 기반으로 콘크리트 표면 균열의 깊이와 보수 후 충전도(crack repair level, CRL)를 평가하기 위한 최적 전극 적용 방안을 도출하기 위해 전기장 해석을 수행하였다. 전기장 해석은 COMSOL Multiphysics의 Electric Currents interface를 사용하여 수행되었으며, 부착식 전극과 매립식 전극 조건에서 균열 상태에 따른 균열 부위 전기저항 변화를 조사하였다. 해석 변수로는 외부 전극과 내부 전극 사이 거리, 내부 전극 간 거리, 부착식 전극의 길이, 매립식 전극의 매립 깊이, 균열 깊이 및 CRL이 고려되었다. 해석 결과, 균열 부위 전기저항은 균열 발생에 따라 증가하고, CRL이 증가함에 따라 감소하였다. 부착식 전극은 전류가 콘크리트 표면부에 집중되어 균열 발생에 따른 전기저항 변화가 크게 나타났으므로 균열 깊이 평가에 유리하였다. 반면, 매립식 전극은 전류를 콘크리트 내부로 유도할 수 있어 보수 후 높은 CRL 구간에서도 전기저항 변화를 비교적 민감하게 감지할 수 있었으며, CRL 평가에 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 균열 깊이 평가를 위한 최적 부착식 전극 조건은 외부 전극과 내부 전극 사이 거리 10 mm, 내부 전극 간 거리 10 mm, 전극 크기 5×10 mm2로 도출되었다. 또한 CRL 평가를 위한 최적 매립식 전극 조건은 외부 전극과 내부 전극 사이 거리 10 mm, 내부 전극 간 거리 10 mm, 그리고 균열 깊이와 동일한 전극 매립 깊이로 도출되었다.

키워드
전기저항
균열 깊이
보수 후 충전도
전기장 해석
전극 조건
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Information
  • Publisher :Korean Institute of Bridge and Structural Engineers
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국교량및구조공학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of Structure Research and Practice
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국교량및구조공학회 논문집
  • Volume : 4
  • No :1
  • Pages :1-12
  • Received Date : 2026-06-04
  • Revised Date : 2026-06-24
  • Accepted Date : 2026-06-24
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.22725/JSRP.2026.4.1.1
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